Ecological patterns refer to the natural patterns or structures that can be observed in ecosystems and the interactions between different species within them. This field of research examines how these patterns emerge, how they are maintained, and how they impact the overall functioning of ecosystems. Researchers in this area may study topics such as species diversity, distribution patterns, food webs, and the effects of disturbances on ecological systems. By understanding these patterns, scientists can better predict how ecosystems may respond to environmental changes and develop strategies for conservation and management.